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One of the most fascinating manatee facts is its evolutionary story. Apparently, the modern manatee, which has existed around North America in one form or another for about 45 million years, was at one time a four-legged land mammal that decided leaving the ocean wasn't such a good plan. Scientists theorize that this plant-eating swamp dweller looked something like a cross between a hippo and an otter. (Kind of stalls out the imagination, doesn't it?) In 2001, scientists discovered a full fossilized skeleton of a manatee relative in Jamaica that obviously used all four of its legs to walk, but had already made adaptations for aquatic living, confirming the model for the manatee's evolution. It's estimated that it took about 10 million years for the creature to go from land-dweller to full-time ocean-dweller - which is quite short in terms of evolutionary timelines.

Their huge size and slow metabolisms
make the manatees very sensitive to changes in water temperature, and they will actually die in water that dips below 68 degrees. They seek out warm water wherever they find it during a cold snap, leading to an oddly beneficial relationship between the manatees and power plants, which aren't usually considered a boon to wildlife in most contexts. The effluent water that power plants put back into waterways is often warmer than the surrounding waters, and the manatees will hang out by the power plants in cold weather.



Not all of man's activities are great for the manatee,
of course, and recreational boating is among the most problematic. Manatees generally float just beneath the surface of the water, making them vulnerable to collisions with boat hulls and propellers, which account for about a quarter of manatee deaths every year. Manatees have recently been reclassified in Florida as a "threatened," rather than "endangered" species, causing concern among conservationists who argue that the manatee's slow rate of reproduction still can't keep up with the rate of human-related and natural deaths that happen every year.

The final cool fact, with a great sound effect that follows: Most of the long bones in a manatee's body, particularly the rib bones, do not produce marrow and as a result are very dense. Scientists believe these heavy bones act as ballast for the manatee...but why would such a big critter need that extra weight? One theory is that their all-veggie diet fills them up with a lot of gas, which could cause them to be overly buoyant (remember they like to float just under the surface, or sometimes even hang out on the bottom), so the dense bones balance that out. And all that gas does, eventually, have to come out.

With that thought, the final sound clip, courtesy of the Save the Manatee Club, whose very cool website has lots of other fun facts about the manatee. Be sure to play it to the very end!

Article by Sarah Horton.




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